Lighting

Key Lighting:
"The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject. The key light is not a rigid requirement; omitting the key light can result in a silhouette effect. Many key lights may be placed in a scene to illuminate a moving subject at opportune moments." 

Fill Lighting:

"Fill light (often simply fill) may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene and provide some illumination for the areas of the image that are in shadow. A common lighting setup places the fill light on the lens axis, roughly perpendicular to the key light. The fill light is often softer and, by definition, less intense than the key light."

'K' = Key light. 'F' = Fill light

Back Lighting:

"Backlighting refers to the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer are facing towards each other, with the subject in between. This causes the edges of the subject to glow, while the other areas remain darker. The backlight can be a natural or artificial source of light. When artificial, the back light is usually placed directly behind the subject in a 4-point lighting setup.

A back light, which lights foreground elements from the rear, is not to be confused with a background light, which lights background elements (such as scenery)."

High Key:

"High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. This was originally done partly for technological reasons, since early film and television did not deal well with high contrast ratios, but now is used to suggest an upbeat mood. It is often used in sitcoms and comedies. High-key lighting is usually quite homogeneous and free from dark shadows."

Rim Lighting: 

"Occurs when the main light is placed behind the subject so that the subject's face is completely in shadow, but there is a rim of light around the subject's head, like the corona in a full eclipse. Rim lighting is often used when making profile portraits. Rim lighting is the same as backlighting."

Chiaroscuro Lighting:

Chiaroscuro lighting emphasizes the contrast of light and dark to give an illusion of depth and to create volume. The term "chiaroscuro" was coined during the Renaissance to describe its use by painters---"chiaro" meaning light and "scuro" meaning dark. The concept is the same whether the artist is a photographer, a painter, or a lighting consultant for theater or film---light is used to create bold contrast.

What is British film?

The Kings Speech
Story: Tells the story of the man who became King George VI, the father of Queen Elizabeth II. After his brother abdicates, George ('Bertie') reluctantly assumes the throne. Plagued by a dreaded stammer and considered unfit to be king, Bertie engages the help of an unorthodox speech therapist named Lionel Logue. Through a set of unexpected techniques, and as a result of an unlikely friendship, Bertie is able to find his voice and boldly lead the country through war.
Director: 
Tom Hooper
Writer: 

David Seidler (screenplay)

Stars:

 Colin Firth, Geoffrey Rush and Helena Bonham Carter

Genres:

 Biography | Drama | History

Production Co:

 See-Saw Films, Bedlam Productions

Release Date:

 7 January 2011 (UK)

127 Hours

Story: 127 Hours is the true story of mountain climber Aron Ralston's remarkable adventure to save himself after a fallen boulder crashes on his arm and traps him in an isolated canyon in Utah. Over the next five days Ralston examines his life and survives the elements to finally discover he has the courage and the wherewithal to extricate himself by any means necessary, scale a 65 foot wall and hike over eight miles before he can be rescued. Throughout his journey, Ralston recalls friends, lovers, family, and the two hikers he met before his accident. Will they be the last two people he ever had the chance to meet?

Director: 

Danny Boyle

Writers: 

Danny Boyle (screenplay), Simon Beaufoy(screenplay)

Stars:

 James Franco, Amber Tamblyn and Kate Mara

Genres:

 Adventure | Biography | Drama | Thriller

Production Co:

 Pathé, Everest Entertainment, Cloud Eight Films

Release Date:

 7 January 2011 (UK)

Another Year

Story: A married couple who have managed to remain blissfully happy into their autumn years, are surrounded over the course of the four seasons of one average year by friends, colleagues, and family who all seem to suffer some degree of unhappiness.

Director: 

Mike Leigh

Writer: 

Mike Leigh

Stars:

 Jim Broadbent, Ruth Sheen and Lesley Manville

Genres:

 Comedy | Drama

Production Co:

 Thin Man Films, Film4, Focus Features International (FFI)

Release Date:

 5 November 2010 (UK)

Four Lions

Story: Four Lions tells the story of a group of British jihadists who push their abstract dreams of glory to the breaking point. As the wheels fly off, and their competing ideologies clash, what emerges is an emotionally engaging (and entirely plausible) farce. In a storm of razor-sharp verbal jousting and large-scale set pieces, Four Lions is a comic tour de force; it shows that-while terrorism is about ideology-it can also be about idiots.

Director: 

Christopher Morris

Writers: 

Christopher Morris, Simon Blackwell (additional writing)

Stars:

 Will Adamsdale, Riz Ahmed and Adeel Akhtar

Genres:

 Comedy | Drama

Production Co:

 Film4, Wild Bunch, Optimum Releasing

Release Date:

 7 May 2010 (UK)

Made in Dagenham

Story: In 1968, the Ford auto factory in Dagenham was one of the largest single private employers in the United Kingdom. In addition to the thousands of male employees, there are also 187 underpaid women machinists who primarily assemble the car seat upholstery in poor working conditions. Dissatisfied, the women, represented by the shop steward and Rita O'Grady, work with union rep Albert Passingham for a better deal. However, Rita learns that there is a larger issue in this dispute considering that women are paid an appalling fraction of the men's wages for the same work across the board on the sole basis of their sex. Refusing to tolerate this inequality any longer, O'Grady leads a strike by her fellow machinists for equal pay for equal work. What follows would test the patience of all involved in a grinding labour and political struggle that ultimately would advance the cause of women's rights around the world.

Director: 

Nigel Cole

Writer: 

William Ivory (screenplay)

Stars:

 Sally Hawkins, Bob Hoskins and Andrea Riseborough

Genres:

 Comedy | Drama | History

Production Co:

 Audley Films, BBC Films, BMS Finance 

Release Date:

 1 October 2010 (UK)

I consider that all the films above are 'British' in one way or another apart from '127 hours'. This is because of the american actors in the film and the american location. Whereas the others tend to have British locations, actors, writers or directors. However I do think a film is defined as 'British' by the number of British links in the film and in production.

Working Title Trips notes

Working Title Films - Tim Bevan, Deborah Haywood, Dan Mazer

• Funded by Universal Studios
• To get a script written and finalised they go to several writers, they put their thought across on the script.
• Production package includes script, budget, cast & crew.

• Atonement: art house picture

• More than one company put money into picture – limits liability if film flops

• Piracy – most money lost in DVD market.

• Fact based films hardest to make, "legal minefield". 

Production

• monitor/track film until delivery
• schedule, location, cast, crew
• Rebates - higher in Hungary (25%), (20% britain if cost over 20mil)
• Trying to film places in other countries - "studio space is a problem in the UK", americans using most of it for big hollywood films.
• Atonement shot in 62 days

• Not making drama films - ticket sales for drama dropped over last 2-3 years.

research

http://www.4rfv.co.uk/industrynews.asp?id=124890

Representation of “Englishness” in Midsomer Murders

The main ways in which this “Englishness” is represented in through the mediums of Mise-en-scene, sound and camera movement.

Mise-en-scene plays a massive role in representing Midsomer Murders as being set in a stereotypical English village. These villages are represented as classic, rural settlements. This is reflected greatly by the characters in their appearance and nature in general. Most characters tend to be above forty years old and in the extracts I viewed I did not see any characters or extras under the age of eighteen. This shows that the cast and setting of Midsomer Murders is quite old fashioned. This old fashioned Englishness is further reflected by the characters clothing, cars and houses. The characters clothing is in general extremely old fashioned. Consisting of mainly knitwear and flowery tops for the ladies and checked shirts and blazers for the men. The clothes could also suggest that the people living in countryside of Midsomer are out of touch of fashion and other modern day items found in the city. This is further portrayed by the telephones used. The old fashioned telephones suggest that Midsomer has been unchanged and somehow left in the past, stuck in an era and out of touch of anything that can change that. It also seems that the Inspectors are the only people maybe in touch with the modern world.

            Other props within the Mise-en-scene further emphasises the countryside’s old fashioned past that seems to be present in Midsomer Murders. The mode of transport around Midsomer seems to be bicycling (or tricycling), by horseback (associated with the countryside) or by car which often turn out to be classic vehicles polished (which could represent wealth) to the shine of a mirror or a Land Rover. This all supports the representation that the English are old fashioned farmers living in the countryside.

            The houses in Midsomer once again support this representation of Englishness. Consisting of mainly farms, cottages, and other assorted fancy large houses. This portrays not only the rural side of Midsomer but also in a way suggests wealth amongst its inhabitants. This wealth could be argued to be supported by the accent in the dialect which tends to be proper queens English (posh).

           

Camera angles and movement in Midsomer Murders remains simple. Consisting of mainly medium and long range shots Midsomer ensures that the action is always on the screen. The odd close up shot will identify important details however this is rarely used on the characters. Standard ‘shot reverse shot’ and over the shoulder shots are used in scenes with conversation. Overall the camera angles used are nothing revolutionary however this means they could be partially represented Midsomer itself, representing is as ‘normal’ and maybe suggesting that this is what England is like.

            Camera movement however does much more in terms of representation. The movement of the cameras remain slow and steady throughout. Even in more exciting scenes the camera movement only speeds up slightly. This movement could reflect the lives of people living in Midsomer as being slow paced, easygoing and overall uneventful (despite the murders happening in every episode).

In conclusion Midsomer Murders does not represent Englishness in a very versatile way. It seems almost fixed upon representing it as slow, old, classical, rural and generally locked away from civilisation. It does however strongly support stereotypes about the countryside.

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 refers to the second generation of the Web, which enables people with no specialized technical knowledge to create their own websites, to self-publish, create and upload audio and video files, share photos and information and complete a variety of other tasks. Examples of these websites include Youtube, Facebook and DIGG.





Advantages of Web 2.0 include the fact that viewers no longer have to sit back at view other people's opinions. Thanks to Web 2.0 viewers can now post their view on stuff quickly and easily. As well as this Web 2.0 gives users to share videos, music and other files, with friends and with the whole world, quickly and at a relatively low cost. Web 2.0 has also made internet websites such as Facebook a gold mine for advertising.


However there are disadvantages. This include huge issues with copyright due to people being able to download free music and videos quicker and easier than ever before. Plus because internet users now have the power to change information on the internet, for example wikipedia, the information can sometimes be unreliable.

How does the skins promotional trailer create representation of young people?

How does the skins promotional trailer create representation of young people2

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